Blading for fluid flow devices



Nov. 27, 1951 H. SCHNEIDER 2,576,700

BLADING FOR FLUID FLOW DEVICES Filed June 2, 1947 2 SHEETS-SHEET l Nov. 27, 1951 H. SCHNEIDER 2,

BLADING FOR FLUID FLOW DEVICES 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Filed June 2, .1947

IZLV1I5P 176L721" ich/ 56/2125 idem M I w x I *1 Patented Nov. 27, 1951 I BLADING FOR FLUID;FLOW? fieinri -z eh l id r une J -e esi n r t Schneider Brothers Company, -Mupei e, nd., :a

f enentnere Application June 2, 194?,Serial No. 7514670 1 Claim. 1

gfih ey nven i relat 5:11 e r. en im ro bell ers, guide vanes, reaction members and so for th. Tle i n ie m e ert e le f .eeneem i; with-i-blades of improved ;eonstru etions for more I f n n e ti fl d ieule y i tthe {prises where tpefipid ciig nges its direction; of kfl w-u i id fi r nt tin e ntli ien o wit Qyariation of; load or spe ecL-as, for-example, in hy d.jra1 1ie[torqueconverters where there is on appreciable change; fluid ,yelocities and direction of flowwithvariable speed ratios, although,

= thatn entienie .11 lim t d t n e i torque converters, but.is applicable to olades ifor ya'rious fluid flow v devices; operating with; any

fljiid namely, water, oi1 ,-'gases, etc.

' The principaiobiectisto reduce by io iproye- Eigs'. '1 to 3.' are sections tlrrough morev or iess ,e nvent ene et Fig.4 is diagrem showing the blade forms of Figs. 2 a,nof l 3 superimposed;

Eig 5 is a, section illustratingone pf v ny i m- -p olveci blade constructions, the desig n Lofl; which is pa sed on the diagram, Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 isa seotionnsimilar to Big Stout snowing -an other improved blade oonstrqction .relat ed to y-thet we Figs. 7 and 8 areviews similar to Rigs. fiend 6,

..b ehewin t othe b e eee e e ion Figs. 9 an i- 10 are similar to Figs. .7 end tshow ,ie' o the ed een reet len Fig. ii is a -seotion through. a set of lolagies of @tlh llsin illuetmt e i F 5 a d 6, en meme-E win .flieg mme e ll v h ofle ne whe th flu d is d iv e fir item .en ys ireetieniee .512 1-types; of blades of =thegkindsrill lstrated in-Figs: '7

--to *lmwa nd #Fig. 13 :is a, section. through the :b1 s.;i'.e a

r turbine, in which, theblagles are of the typfirfih wn Fi 1..t .a w aeh sho sbladesein t njin. a

- ndevve ep d pl ne .::a i Quat na y :t 1 n tration of blading. Figs. 12 and-13;showhiedes w n whee rend tvw lhbe and "steei het the 1 xam e of whett e-eqmmen' yne hr ze-u ie ter ueq onve te s;t r i te ui 'h edee-a -Fi :t 1 1.are.sim le eempley :e e l entire imi ar, .lu tret d- Similar referencenomerals ere appiied to .ee re n nd n perte:;. t ughen h riew -.hle e h w iet 2 i g; vewel rounde AziiIbQu eIi Ped nt eti iz r ien fl end end; .eleeten etel cu vedezs t m tions 23. Ti esebages-p ey lgefl no good in turbines it il .fii e tim bei t e-r n ie zat Mn Ri v 2 i e ind tetweei l e-ent a ee; pert en &1;e th xi tp rtien 2- wi h e rie te me e fie entienereti whe th i 2 del ve ed- :th et item .th r t en hisenglere .d tve yb i eth sa hat;-: ma d-Te Rains-fi -;.@bv .eesly, a

vei le-seetbi ledee r arin rse a -e a lpio i eetn p tical-wthe. lnbined-- fiow intereeptingnd resolt in greater. eflioiency than the. set of e f iene blades eh w fi wh h lie reit ting ehe t eriet e if ere fr m be h t e-e h Q ti tmentienedie ree e nt a eemn emt 1 th n ra e po imately 1,80 :or-z more ti n v --'th eueheut eel! ,vbe nsteeizetent el mime. ee i orm n e eier $0 bee ih etll evte ie lehipite1.fiuitt l i vered from either of the two directions A 1 513.

possible and practical the combined fluid intercepting and guiding functions of blades of opposite extreme designs to intercept with minimum shock losses fluid delivered thereto from either of two extremes and also from directions intermediate these extremes, the fluid from any of these directions being guided by the blades with minimum losses.

In Fig. 4, I have shown diagrammatically the outlines of blades 24 and 21 superimposed with their exit portions 26 and 29 matching, and in Fig. 5, I have shown a blade 30 which represents a composite design of blades 24 and 21, the same having a single section exit portion 26' and a three-section entrance portion, the opposed sections of which are numbered 25' and 28 inasmuch as they correspond to the entrance portions 25 and 28, previously mentioned, and the intermediate section being numbered 3!. Nozzle shaped channels 32 and 33 are formed in thee'ntrance portion of the blade between the three sections. Special attention is called to the fact that the sections 25', 28' and 3! are all of streamline form. Obviously, with these blades 3t high efiiciency of operation is obtainable when the fluid flow is from direction A or direction 13 (Fig. 4), or from some intermediate direction.

I Fig. 6 illustrates two other blades 34 of the same bulbous form shown in Fig. 1 as indicated by the entrance portion 22. However, nozzleshaped channels 32a. and 33a are provided in the entrance portion to define the streamlined entrance sections 25a, 28a and 31a similarly as in blade 30 (Fig. whereby to obtain the same advantages as were mentioned in connection with the description of that blade.

Fig. '7 illustrates another blade 35 similar to the blades 24 of Fig. 2, but having anozzleshaped channel 32b dividing the entrance pora tion into two sections 251) and 3Ib which correspond to the sections and 3| of the blade shown in Fig. 5, and sections 25a and 31a of the blade 34 shown in Fig. 6. A blade of this form gives reduced shock losses regardless of Whether the fluid flow isfrom direction Aor direction B indicated in Figs. 1 and 4.

The blade 36 shown in Fig. 8 has the bulbous shaped entrance portion 22a-similar to what is shown in Figs. 1 and 6, but'has a nozzle-shaped channel 320 formed in the entrance portion whereby to define the two streamline shaped sections 250 and 31a which are similar to sections 25b and 3Ib of blade of Fig. '7 "and sections 25a and 3la of blade 34 of Fig. 6. The operating characteristics of this blade are obvi ously closely similar tothose of blade 35 (Fig. '7).

Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate two other blades 31 and 38 which are patterned after the blades 21 shown in Fig. 3, but have nozzle-shaped channels 33b and 330 in their entrance portions whereby to define sections 3 Id and 28b in the entrance portion of blade 3'! and sections 3le and 280 in the entrance portion of blade 38. The blade 38 has a bulbous shaped entrance portion as indicated at 22b. Sections 3|d and 28b of blade 3.! correspond to sections 3[ and 28 of blade 30 (Fig. 5) and sections 31a and 28a of blade 34 (Fig. 6), and the same is true of sections 31c and 280 of blade 38.

The operation of blades like those shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is illustrated in Fig. 11 in which three blades 39 areshown in a set, flow lines being indicated in dotted lines from directions Aand B; a" third and intermediate direction of flow being indicated at the right at C. It should be clear from this illustration to what extent the efliciency of operation is improved.

Fig. 12 shows blading for a centrifugal pump or blower in which the blades 35a are similar to the blade 35 of Fig. 7, and generally similar to the blade 35 of Fig. 8, each having a twosection entrance portion 25d and SH on opposite sides of a nozzle-shaped channel 3212. The section 25d on the blade at the right hand end of the view takes the place of the second entrance section 28d, shown in dotted lines, to give the same effect as a streamline blade 39 indicated in dotted outline in Fig. 12 so that section 28d can be omitted. Inother words, the single outermost section 2511 performs in this blading the function of both of the entrance portions 25' and 28 of Figs. 5 and 11 for two basic blades. All of the blades shown in full lines have exit portion 26a with an exit angle between 30 and 60 degrees, but I have shown in dotted lines a blade exit section 26b with a radial exit, which is preferably used with impellers for air compressors.

Fig. 13 shows an example of the blade made in accordance with my invention for a turbine,

the blades being numbered 30a to correspond with the blades 30 of Fig. 11 and having threesection entrance portions 35, 3| and 28' with nozzle-shaped channels 32 and 33 therebetween. The arrows 39 to 42, shown in connection with the right hand blade indicate various directions of fluid streaming into the blades, all streams being intercepted smoothly.

Comparing Figs. 1 and 11, attention is called to the fact that in Fig. 1 the streamlines are crowded between the bulbous shaped entrance portions 22 of the blades and the streamlines are rather sharply curved and irregularly bent compared with the evenly distributed streamlines of. Fig. 11, whether the fluid enters from direction A, B, or C It is also noteworthy that the total channel width in the entrance portion of the blades is almost twice as large with the blades of Fig. 11 as with the blades ofFig. 1, even though the spacing of the blades andthe total length of the blades and their exit angles are exactly the samein both cases. As a result, more fluid can flow through and between the three-section blades of my invention than between the bulbous blades used heretofore, of which the blades 2! of Fig. l are good examples, and I therefore secure an appreciable increase in efflciency.

Another advantage obtained with the multiple section blade of my invention is due to the preferably convergent nozzle action of the channels 32 and 33, or 32a and 33a, as the case may be; these convergent nozzles serve to direct the fluid along the surfaces of the exit portions of the blades-so that the fluid streams do not leave the surfaces of the blades, thus greatly reducing turbulence losses. Inspection of Fig. 11 indicates that the fluid flowing in either of the three directions A, B or C flows smoothly between the exit portions so that the losses from restriction, shocks and turbulence are greatly reduced as compared with any other known blading, intercepting fluid with similarly great variation in the direction of flow. The entrance angles of blades 24 and 21 shown in'Figs. 2 and'3, indicated in connection with the arrows A and B in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 11 will be selected according to the actual variation in direction of fluid flow and will correspond to the required range of operation to be covered, by the particular blading in each case. Hence, it will be understood that the shape, forms and angles of the blades shown in Figs. 1 to 13 are merely exemplary and not intended in any way to restrict the scope of application of my invention. Thus, in Figs. 2 and 4, for example, the entrance angle In of blade 24 equals 45 degrees, and the entrance angle be for blade 21 in Figs. 3 and 4 equals 135 degrees, these two angles forming together an enclosed or included angle In equaling 90 degrees. Each angle In and b2 and the corresponding included angle b3 will be chosen according to the particular operating condition of the blading in each case and may vary in a large degree for different applications, such as in turbines, propellers, guide vanes, reaction members and so forth. I prefer, for example, in the use of the present invention in the blading for a torque converter to have included entrance angles between the two basic entrance blades up to 120, more I particularly, in the pump between 30 and 90, in

the turbine between 30 and 90, and in the reaction member between 30'and 120.

The exit portion of the blades, 26', 23, or 26a as the case may be, performs the function of change of momentum of the fluid by changing the direction and velocity of the fluid, while the entrance sections 25 and 28', or 25a and 28, as the case may be, perform the function of receiving fluid from different directions smoothly and efficiently. The directions of fluid flow indicated'at A, B, and C in the various figures may indicate absolute or relative velocity corresponding to stationary or rotating blades.

It is believed the foregoing description conveys a good understanding of the objects and advantages of my invention. The appended claims have 6 been drawn to cover all legitimate modifications and adaptations.

I claim:

In a bladed wheel, a series of circumferentially spaced blades, each blade comprising a streamlined entrance section and an uniformly streamlined exit section in radially spaced relation to the entrance section, the two sections being separated by a channel having substantially the form of a convergent nozzle directed toward the one side of the exit section, and the two sections together representing a Well streamlined basic blade form, the blades being so spaced circumferentially and the sections of the blades being so arranged that each entrance section cooperates with its own companion exit section and also the exit section of the next neighboring blade to represent two streamlined blade forms.

HEINRICH SCHNEIDER.

REFERENCES CITED The followingreferences are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,742,792 Stahl Jan. 7, 1930 2,046,538 Vargas July '7, 1936 2,293,765 Salerni Aug. 25, 1942 2,351,516 Jandasek June 13, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 176,842 Great Britain Mar. 23, 1922 690,041 France June 10, 1930 

